Clima ético egoísta y el teletrabajo en el sector eléctrico colombiano. El papel moderador del liderazgo ético

El sector eléctrico colombiano ha impulsado políticas organizacionales fundamentadas en la inclusión y el bienestar de la sociedad en general, que pretenden trasladarse al teletrabajo a través de un estilo de liderazgo ético. Sin embargo, el egoísmo -que se caracteriza por maximizar el interés propio como base de razonamiento moral-, es un factor subyacente que puede deteriorar cualquier iniciativa que busque un equilibrio institucional justo e íntegro, mediante un clima ético donde las decisiones descuiden las necesidades colectivas. Por consiguiente, el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la relación entre un clima laboral egoísta y el teletrabajo, a través del rol moderador de liderazgo ético. El estudio aplicó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional explicativo. La muestra fue de 448 empleados evaluados por una encuesta en línea. Se encontró que el clima ético egoísta (X) y el liderazgo ético (W) se asocian significativamente con el teletrabajo (Y). Sin embargo, cuando el liderazgo ético regula la relación entre las variables independiente y dependiente (6X - Y/W), se hace visible que a mayor percepción de una dirección ética más débil se torna el efecto del clima egoísta sobre el teletrabajo hasta desaparecer. En conclusión, el sector eléctrico colombiano, por su enfoque en la responsabilidad social y erradicación de conductas deshonestas mediante un liderazgo ético, no es compatible con un clima laboral egoísta. De hecho, el impulsar una cultura de trabajo, a través del interés propio, neutraliza todo el esfuerzo ético propuesto por el sector eléctrico colombiano en los últimos siete años, puesto que su finalidad ha sido propender por iniciativas sociales e inclusivas.

The Colombian electricity sector promotes organizational policies based on the inclusion and well-being of society in general, which also intend to transfer to teleworking through an ethical leadership style. However, the selfishness that is characterized by maximizing self-interest as the basis of moral reasoning is an underlying factor that can deteriorate any initiative that seeks a fair and comprehensive institutional balance through an ethical climate where decisions neglect collective needs. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the relationship between a selfish climate and teleworking through the moderating role of ethical leadership. The study applies a quantitative, cross-sectional, explanatory correlational design. The sample is 448 employees who are evaluated with an online survey. The selfish ethical climate (X) and ethical leadership (W) are significantly associated with telecommuting (Y). However, when ethical leadership regulates the relationship between the independent and dependent variables (6X - Y/W) it becomes visible that the greater the perception of a weaker ethical leadership, the effect of the selfish climate on telework becomes until it disappears. The Colombian electricity sector, due to its focus on social responsibility and on eradicating dishonest conduct through ethical leadership, is not compatible with a selfish climate. In fact, promoting only individual interests in virtual work environments would nullify all the ethical effort proposed by the sector in question in the last seven years. Since its purpose has been to promote social and inclusive initiatives.

Ethical leaders promote quality of life through fair and trust-based relationships / Líderes éticos promovem qualidade de vida por meio de relacionamentos justos e baseados em confiança / Los líderes éticos promueven la calidad de vida a través de relaciones justas basadas en la confianza

Ethical leadership has become an important field of research. This article examines the impact of ethical leadership within the context of healthcare organizations. Based on social learning theory, we examine the relationship between ethical leadership and quality of life, mediated by peer justice and moderated by trust in the leader. Participants in this study consisted of 388 professionals from 59 centers affiliated with "Plena Inclusión", an NGO whose mission is to improve the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disabilities in Spain. Results showed a significant relationship between ethical leadership and quality of life, through a partial mediation of overall peer justice. Furthermore, the moderated indirect links between ethical leadership and quality of life through peer justice confirmed high levels of trust in the leader. Theoretical and practical implications and limitations of this research are discussed.

A liderança ética tornou-se um importante campo de pesquisa. Este artigo examina o impacto da liderança ética no contexto das organizações de saúde. Com base na teoria da aprendizagem social, examinamos a relação entre liderança ética e qualidade de vida, mediada pela justiça entre pares e moderada pela confiança no líder. Os participantes deste estudo foram 388 profissionais de 59 centros afiliados à "Plena Inclusión", uma ONG que tem como missão melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas com deficiência intelectual na Espanha. Os resultados indicam uma relação significativa entre liderança ética e qualidade de vida mediada parcialmente pela justiça entre os pares. Além disso, as ligações indiretas moderadas entre a liderança ética e a qualidade de vida por meio da justiça entre pares confirmaram altos níveis de confiança no líder. São discutidas as implicações e limitações teóricas e práticas desta pesquisa.

El liderazgo ético se ha convertido en un importante campo de investigación. Este artículo examina el impacto del liderazgo ético en el contexto de las organizaciones sanitarias. Con base en la teoría del aprendizaje social, examinamos la relación entre el liderazgo ético y la calidad de vida, mediada por la justicia entre iguales y moderada por la confianza en el líder. En este estudio participaron 388 profesionales de 59 centros afiliados a "Plena Inclusión", ONG cuya misión es mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual en España. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre liderazgo ético y calidad de vida a través de la mediación parcial de la justicia entre iguales. Además, los vínculos indirectos moderados entre el liderazgo ético y la calidad de vida a través de la justicia entre iguales confirmaron altos niveles de confianza en el líder. Se discuten las implicaciones y limitaciones teóricas y prácticas de esta investigación.

Relação entre presenteísmo, síndrome de burnout e liderança ética em organizações escolares / The relation between presenteism, burnout syndrome and ethic leadership in scholar's organizations

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever variáveis preditoras de presenteísmo no contexto escolar, especificamente o burnout e a liderança. Utilizaram-se questionários como instrumento de coleta de dados. Responderam aos questionários 366 professores vinculados à Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal. Eles trabalhavam em diferentes escolas de várias regiões do Distrito Federal. Foram testadas relações lineares e com interação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a exaustão emocional e a liderança ética estão relacionadas à concentração no trabalho. Contudo, não se relacionam com a perda de capacidade para completar o trabalho. Neste último, a liderança aparece como uma importante variável moderadora. Os altos níveis de exaustão emocional tendem a convergir negativamente em avaliações de liderança e presenteísmo. Este estudo contribui para a compreensão da relação entre bem-estar e produtividade e suas variáveis moderadoras, assim como aponta que a exaustão emocional no trabalho influencia a avaliação do professor.(AU)

This paper aimed to describe predictors of presenteism in the school context, specifically burnout and leadership. Questionnaires were used as a data collection instrument. Participants were 366 all of them teachers of Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Distrito Federal. They worked in different schools and various regions of Distrito Federal. Linear and interaction relations were tested for hypothesis checking. The obtained results showed that emotional exhaustion and ethical leadership are linearly related to concentration at work. However, they do not relate to the loss of ability to complete the work. In the latter, leadership appears as an important moderating variable. High levels of emotional exhaustion tend to converge negatively on assessments of leadership and presenteism. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between well-being and productivity and its moderating variables, as well as highlights that emotional exhaustion at work influence the teacher's assessment.(AU)

Escala de liderança ética no trabalho: evidências de validade da versão brasileira / Ethical leadership at work scale: validity evidence for the brazilian version / Escala de liderazgo ético en el trabajo: evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña

O tema da ética nas organizações tem ganhado relevo recentemente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a adaptação da Escala de Liderança Ética no Trabalho (Kalshoven, Den Hartog, & De Hoogh, 2011). O primeiro estudo apresenta escala traduzida e o teste exploratório da estrutura fatorial com uma amostra de 222 profissionais. Apesar de apresentar 7 fatores (AFE), a estrutura encontrada não correspondente ao modelo original. No estudo 2 (amostra de 3804 profissionais), o ajuste do modelo com estrutura fatorial original da escala foi testado (AFC) e apresentou melhor ajuste que os demais. Para mensurar a validade de construto, a relação da liderança ética com a satisfação com o líder e a supervisão abusiva foi testada. O padrão de relação esperado foi confirmado, sendo encontrada relação positiva com satisfação e negativa com supervisão abusiva. Juntos, os resultados sugerem que a ELET apresenta evidências de validade de construto e boas propriedades psicométricas.

Ethical issues have been a growing concern to organizations. The main goal of this study was to develop a Brazilian version of the Ethical Leadership at Work Scale (Kalshoven, Den Hartog, & De Hoogh, 2011). The first study presents the translated measure and an exploratory study of the factor structure with a sample of 222 employees. Even though the best solution had 7 factors (EFA), the solution found did not correspond to the originally proposed one. In study 2 (sample of 3,804 employees), the goodness of fit of the original factor structure was assessed (CFA). The originally proposed model presented the best fit. In order to assess construct validity, the relationship of ethical leadership with satisfaction with the leader and abusive supervision was measured. Findings confirmed the hypothesized positive relation with satisfaction with the leader and a negative one with abusive supervision. Overall, findings suggest the scale presents good psychometric properties and construct validity.

El tema de la ética en las organizaciones ha ganado recientemente relevancia. El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar la adaptación de la Escala de Liderazgo Ético en el Trabajo (Kalshoven, Den Hartog, & De Hoogh, 2011). El primer estudio presenta el test exploratorio de la estructura factorial a partir de una muestra de 222 profesionales. A pesar de presentar 7 factores (AFE), la estructura hallada no corresponde al modelo original. En el estudio 2 (muestra de 3804 profesionales), el ajuste del modelo con la estructura factorial original de la escala fue probado (AFC) y presentó un mejor ajuste en comparación con otros modelos probados. Para medir la validez de constructo, la relación del liderazgo ético con la satisfacción con el líder y la supervisión abusiva fueron probadas. El patrón de relación esperado fue confirmado al encontrarse relación positiva con respecto a la satisfacción, y negativa relativa a la supervisión abusiva. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que la ELET presenta evidencias de validez de constructo y buenas propiedades psicométricas.

Impact of Superior's Ethical Leadership as Perceived by Nurses on Nursing Performance: Mediating Effect of Faith in Supervisor / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate nursing performance to superior's ethical leadership as perceived by nurses and the mediating effect of faith in supervisor. METHODS: For this study a descriptive survey design was used. Participants were 258 nurses who worked in general hospital and completed the self-report questionnaire. Data were collected from May 17 to May 31, 2017 and were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, and Path analysis with SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0. RESULTS: Superior's ethical leadership as perceived by the nurses and faith in the supervisor were significant variables predicting the level of nursing performance and accounted for 48.1% of the variance. Faith in the supervisor as a mediator was found to have a partial mediating effect. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the nurses' performance, it is important to establish a work environment so that hospital nurses can perform their work with faith in their supervisors, as well as having superiors who are ethical leaders.

The Effect of Ethical Management and Positive Psychological Capital on Organizational Effectiveness in Hospitals / 보건행정학회지

BACKGROUND: In this study, state-owned medical institutes, industrial accident hospitals, veteran hospitals, and private medical clinics including 16 university medical institutes in the Seoul metropolitan area were selected to examine the causality of ethical management, positive psychological capital, and organizational effectiveness. METHODS: The study analyzed 1,056 valid questionnaires to which a total of 1,325 nurses, medical technicians, doctors, and administrative staff in 34 healthcare organizations answered over two months from June to August 2015. The study also utilized a ‘structural equation model,’ and a ‘hierarchical linear model’ to conduct the analysis. RESULTS: It was first found that ethical leadership, ethical management systems, and organizational ethics values, which are the three factors of ethical management, had significant influence on organizational commitment, and behavior. These are the three factors of employee organizational effectiveness. Second, ethical management, ethical leadership, ethical management systems, and organizational ethics values had significant influence on positive psychological capital. Third, positive psychological capital had significant influence on organizational commitment, turnover intention, and organizational citizenship behavior. Positive psychological capital presented an indirect effect on the relationship between the ethical management and organizational effectiveness of employees. The effect of positive psychological capital consisting of self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism was confirmed in the healthcare organizations. Fourth, in relations among ethical management variables, ethical leadership showed a significant impact on ethical management systems, which had significant impacts on organizational ethics values, which had significant impacts on ethical leadership.

Correlation between trustworthiness leadership of head nurses and work immersion / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the correlations between trustworthiness leadership of head nurses and work immersion. Method A questionnaire on trustworthiness leadership of head nurse and the nurses′ work immersion scale were used to have investigation among 460 nurses. Results The total score on trustworthiness leadership was (105.04 ± 13.78), which was in the middle level and the total score on work immersion was (41.28 ± 10.08), which was at a higher level. The trustworthiness leadership was positively related to their work immersion as well as its dimensions (all P<0.05). Conclusion The administrators of the hospitals and nursing managers should pay attention to head nurse′s trustworthy leadership , for the purpose of improving the integrity of the leadership behavior of head nurses.